Internet of things Wikipedia.Drawing representing the Internet of things Io.T. The Internet of things Io.T is the network of physical devices, vehicles, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable these objects to collect and exchange data.Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure.Experts estimate that the Io.T will consist of about 3.The Io. T allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,5 creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention.When Io. T is augmented with sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual power plants, smart homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities.Things, in the Io.T sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, cameras streaming live feeds of wild animals in coastal waters,1.DNA analysis devices for environmentalfoodpathogen monitoring,1.Legal scholars suggest regarding things as an inextricable mixture of hardware, software, data and service.These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other devices.Current market examples include home automation also known as smart home devices such as the control and automation of lighting, heating like smart thermostat, ventilation, air conditioning HVAC systems, and appliances such as washerdryers, robotic vacuums, air purifiers, ovens, or refrigeratorsfreezers that use Wi Fi for remote monitoring.The quick expansion of Internet connected objects is also expected to generate large amounts of data from diverse locations, with the consequent necessity for quick aggregation of the data, and an increase in the need to index, store, and process such data more effectively.The term the Internet of things was coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter Gamble, later MITs Auto ID Center, in 1.HistoryeditAs of 2.Keys-to-Network-Security.png' alt='Internet Lock 6 0 4 Key Elements Of Prayer' title='Internet Lock 6 0 4 Key Elements Of Prayer' />Internet Lock 6 0 4 Key Elements Of ServiceInternet of things has evolved due to a convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous wireless communication, real time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems.This means that the traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation including home and building automation, and others all contribute to enabling the Internet of things.The concept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1.Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University becoming the first Internet connected appliance,1.Mark Weisers seminal 1.The Computer of the 2.Century, as well as academic venues such as Ubi.Comp and Per. Com produced the contemporary vision of Io.T. 1. 92. 0 In 1.Reza Raji described the concept in IEEE Spectrum as moving small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to entire factories.Keystrokes 1 Keystrokes Internet Explorer Keystrokes Note The JAWS help system includes detailed information about using Internet Explorer.Between 1. 99. 3 and 1.Microsofts at Work or Novells NEST.However, only in 1.Bill Joy envisioned Device to Device D2.D communication as part of his Six Webs framework, presented at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1.The concept of the Internet of things became popular in 1.Auto ID Center at MIT and related market analysis publications.Radio frequency identification RFID was seen by Kevin Ashton one of the founders of the original Auto ID Center as a prerequisite for the Internet of things at that point.Ashton prefers the phrase Internet for things.If all objects and people in daily life were equipped with identifiers, computers could manage and inventory them.Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such technologies as near field communication, barcodes, QR codes and digital watermarking.In its original interpretation,when one of the first consequences of implementing the Internet of things by equipping all objects in the world with minuscule identifying devices or machine readable identifiers would be to transform daily life.Elements. Internet television is a type of overthetop content.Overthetop OTT is the delivery of audio, video, and other media over the Internet without the.Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning WebDAV consists of a set of methods, headers, and contenttypes ancillary to HTTP1.Although users of Mac OS X are familiar with using the Command key instead of the Control key, the Command key is typically reserved for desktop applications and OS.Internet Lock 6 0 4 Key Elements Of Value' title='Internet Lock 6 0 4 Key Elements Of Value' />For instance, instant and ceaseless inventory control would become ubiquitous.A persons ability to interact with objects could be altered remotely based on immediate or present needs, in accordance with existing end user agreements.For example, such technology could grant motion picture publishers much more control over end user private devices by remotely enforcing copyright restrictions and digital rights management, so the ability of a customer who bought a Blu ray disc to watch the movie could become dependent on the copyright holders decision, similar to Circuit Citys failed DIVX.A significant transformation is to extend things from the data generated from devices to objects in the physical space.The thought model for future interconnection environment was proposed in 2.The model includes the notion of the ternary universe consists of the physical world, virtual world and mental world and a multi level reference architecture with the nature and devices at the bottom level followed by the level of the Internet, sensor network, and mobile network, and intelligent human machine communities at the top level, which supports geographically dispersed users to cooperatively accomplish tasks and solve problems by using the network to actively promote the flow of material, energy, techniques, information, knowledge, and services in this environment.This thought model envisioned the development trend of the Internet of things.Applicationsedit.A Nest learning thermostat reporting on energy usage and local weather.As per a 2. 01. 4 survey and study done by Pew Research Internet Project, a large majority of the technology experts and engaged Internet users who responded8.Internetcloud of things, embedded and wearable computing and the corresponding dynamic systems3.As such, it is clear that the Io.T will consist of a very large number of devices being connected to the Internet.In an active move to accommodate new and emerging technological innovation, the UK Government, in their 2.Internet of things.The former British Chancellor of the Exchequer.George Osborne, posited that the Internet of things is the next stage of the information revolution and referenced the inter connectivity of everything from urban transport to medical devices to household appliances.The ability to network embedded devices with limited CPU, memory and power resources means that Io.T finds applications in nearly every field.Such systems could be in charge of collecting information in settings ranging from natural ecosystems to buildings and factories,4.On the other hand, Io.T systems could also be responsible for performing actions, not just sensing things.Intelligent shopping systems, for example, could monitor specific users purchasing habits in a store by tracking their specific mobile phones.These users could then be provided with special offers on their favorite products, or even location of items that they need, which their fridge has automatically conveyed to the phone.Additional examples of sensing and actuating are reflected in applications that deal with heat, water, electricity and energy management, as well as cruise assisting transportation systems.Other applications that the Internet of things can provide is enabling extended home security features and home automation.The concept of an Internet of living things has been proposed to describe networks of biological sensors that could use cloud based analyses to allow users to study DNA or other molecules.However, the application of the Io.T is not only restricted to these areas.Other specialized use cases of the Io.T may also exist. In Memory Of Motorcycle Embroidered Patches there. An overview of some of the most prominent application areas is provided here.Based on the application domain, Io.T products can be classified broadly into five different categories smart wearable, smart home, smart city, smart environment, and smart enterprise.HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring WEBDAVThis document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.Please refer to the current edition of the Internet Official Protocol Standards STD 1 for the standardization state and status of this protocol.Distribution of this memo is unlimited.Copyright The Internet Society 1.All Rights Reserved.This document specifies a set of methods, headers, and content types ancillary to HTTP1.This document describes an extension to the HTTP1.This extension provides a coherent set of methods, headers, request entity body formats, and response entity body formats that provide operations for Properties The ability to create, remove, and query information about Web pages, such as their authors, creation dates, etc.Also, the ability to link pages of any media type to related pages.Collections The ability to create sets of documents and to retrieve a hierarchical membership listing like a directory listing in a file system.Locking The ability to keep more than one person from working on a document at the same time.This prevents the lost update problem, in which modifications are lost as first one author then another writes changes without merging the other authors changes.Namespace Operations The ability to instruct the server to copy and move Web resources.Requirements and rationale for these operations are described in a companion document, Requirements for a Distributed Authoring and Versioning Protocol for the World Wide Web RFC2.The sections below provide a detailed introduction to resource properties Section 4, collections of resources Section 5, and locking operations Section 6.These sections introduce the abstractions manipulated by the Web.DAV specific HTTP methods described in Section 8, HTTP Methods for Distributed Authoring.In HTTP1. HTTP headers.Unlike HTTP1. Web.DAV encodes method parameter information either in an Extensible Markup Language XML REC XML request entity body, or in an HTTP header.The use of XML to encode method parameters was motivated by the ability to add extra XML elements to existing structures, providing extensibility and by XMLs ability to encode information in ISO 1.As a rule of thumb, parameters are encoded in XML entity bodies when they have unbounded length, or when they may be shown to a human user and hence require encoding in an ISO 1.Otherwise, parameters are encoded within HTTP headers.Section 9 describes the new HTTP headers used with Web.DAV methods. In addition to encoding method parameters, XML is used in Web.DAV to encode the responses from methods, providing the extensibility and internationalization advantages of XML for method output, as well as input.XML elements used in this specification are defined in Section 1.The XML namespace extension Appendix 2.XML elements to be added without fear of colliding with other element names.While the status codes provided by HTTP1.Web. DAV methods, there are some errors that do not fall neatly into the existing categories.New status codes developed for the Web.DAV methods are defined in Section 1.Since some Web. DAV methods may operate over many resources, the Multi Status response has been introduced to return status information for multiple resources.The Multi Status response is described in Section 1.Web. DAV employs the property mechanism to store information about the current state of the resource.For example, when a lock is taken out on a resource, a lock information property describes the current state of the lock.Section 1. 3 defines the properties used within the Web.DAV specification.Finishing off the specification are sections on what it means to be compliant with this specification Section 1.Section 1. 6, and on security Section 1.Since this document describes a set of extensions to the HTTP1.BNF used herein to describe protocol elements is exactly the same as described in section 2.RFC2. 06. 8. Since this augmented BNF uses the basic production rules provided in section 2.RFC2. 06. 8, these rules apply to this document as well.The key words MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2.RFC2. 11. 9. URIURL A Uniform Resource Identifier and Uniform Resource Locator, respectively.These terms and the distinction between them are defined in RFC2.Collection A resource that contains a set of URIs, termed member URIs, which identify member resources and meets the requirements in Section 5 of this specification.Member URI A URI which is a member of the set of URIs contained by a collection.Internal Member URI A Member URI that is immediately relative to the URI of the collection the definition of immediately relative is given in Section 5.Property A namevalue pair that contains descriptive information about a resource.Live Property A property whose semantics and syntax are enforced by the server.For example, the live getcontentlength property has its value, the length of the entity returned by a GET request, automatically calculated by the server.Dead Property A property whose semantics and syntax are not enforced by the server.The server only records the value of a dead property the client is responsible for maintaining the consistency of the syntax and semantics of a dead property.Null Resource A resource which responds with a 4.Not Found to any HTTP1.DAV method except for PUT, MKCOL, OPTIONS and LOCK.A NULL resource MUST NOT appear as a member of its parent collection.Properties are pieces of data that describe the state of a resource.Properties are data about data.Properties are used in distributed authoring environments to provide for efficient discovery and management of resources.For example, a subject property might allow for the indexing of all resources by their subject, and an author property might allow for the discovery of what authors have written which documents.The DAV property model consists of namevalue pairs.The name of a property identifies the propertys syntax and semantics, and provides an address by which to refer to its syntax and semantics.There are two categories of properties live and dead.A live property has its syntax and semantics enforced by the server.Live properties include cases where a the value of a property is read only, maintained by the server, and b the value of the property is maintained by the client, but the server performs syntax checking on submitted values.All instances of a given live property MUST comply with the definition associated with that property name.A dead property has its syntax and semantics enforced by the client the server merely records the value of the property verbatim.Properties have long played an essential role in the maintenance of large document repositories, and many current proposals contain some notion of a property, or discuss web metadata more generally.These include PICS REC PICS, PICS NG, XML, Web Collections, and several proposals on representing relationships within HTML.Work on PICS NG and Web Collections has been subsumed by the Resource Description Framework RDF metadata activity of the World Wide Web Consortium.RDF consists of a network based data model and an XML representation of that model.Some proposals come from a digital library perspective.These include the Dublin Core RFC2.Warwick Framework WF, a container architecture for different metadata schemas.The literature includes many examples of metadata, including MARC USMARC, a bibliographic metadata format, and a technical report bibliographic format employed by the Dienst system RFC1.Additionally, the proceedings from the first IEEE Metadata conference describe many community specific metadata sets.Participants of the 1.
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